Hi,
I’m the author of that bug. You probably mean to install the package build-essential. You can retrieve past versions of packages from snapshot.d.o but in case of binutils, you will require quite a few additional packages for this to work out due to versioned dependencies. The result is not for the faint of heart:
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/binutils_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/libbinutils_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/binutils-arm-linux-gnueabihf_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/binutils-common_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/libctf0_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240321T160517Z/pool/main/b/binutils/libgprofng0_2.42-4_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/gcc-13-aarch64-linux-gnu_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/gcc-13_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/g%2B%2B-13_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/libstdc%2B%2B-13-dev_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/cpp-13_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/cpp-13-aarch64-linux-gnu_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/g%2B%2B-13-aarch64-linux-gnu_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/gcc-13-base_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20240515T144351Z/pool/main/g/gcc-13/libgcc-13-dev_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
apt-get install ./binutils-arm-linux-gnueabihf_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./binutils-common_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./binutils_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./libbinutils_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./libctf0_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./libgprofng0_2.42-4_arm64.deb ./gcc-13-aarch64-linux-gnu_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./gcc-13_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./g++-13_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./libstdc++-13-dev_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./cpp-13_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./cpp-13-aarch64-linux-gnu_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./g++-13-aarch64-linux-gnu_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./gcc-13-base_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb ./libgcc-13-dev_13.2.0-25_arm64.deb
It might be easier to work inside a chroot until that binutils bug is fixed.